![]() This simple action is an example of a behavioral response triggered by sensing a relevant change in the environment-here, a push that perturbs the movement of your arm away from the intended movement goal. If a cat pushes your hand while you are pouring a glass of water, a corrective response will occur that acts to minimize spillage. For instance, coaching methodologies that rely on reinforcement or ‘reward shaping’ may need to specifically target aspects of movement that rely on reward-sensitive feedback responses. ![]() Our results may have implications regarding feedback control performance in athletic coaching. These observations were similar across sensory modalities (vision and proprioception). Rather, a reduction of response latencies only tended to occur in slower feedback loops. Only the fastest feedback loops were insensitive to reward, and the earliest reward-driven changes were consistently an increase in feedback gains, not a reduction in latency. We systematically tested the effect of reward on the latency (how long for a corrective response to arise?) and gain (how large is the corrective response?) of seven distinct sensorimotor feedback loops in humans. Which specific loops drive these performance improvements with reward is unknown, even though their diversity makes it unlikely that they are contributing uniformly. But feedback control encompasses many feedback loops with diverse characteristics such as the brain regions involved and their response time. For instance, feedback-based control, which uses sensory feedback from the body to correct for errors in movement, improves with greater reward. Although it is well established that motivational factors such as earning more money for performing well improve motor performance, how the motor system implements this improvement remains unclear.
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